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Petalite

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Petalite
Petalite from Minas Gerais State, Brazil (size: 3x4 cm)
General
CategoryTektosilicate
Formula
(repeating unit)
LiAlSi4O10
IMA symbolPtl[1]
Strunz classification9.EF.05
Crystal systemMonoclinic
Crystal classPrismatic (2/m)
(same H-M symbol)
Space groupP2/a
Unit cella = 11.737 Å,
b = 5.171 Å,
c = 7.63 Å;
β = 112.54°; Z = 2
Identification
ColorColorless, grey, yellow, pink, to white
Crystal habitTabular prismatic crystals and columnar masses
TwinningCommon on {001}, lamellar
CleavagePerfect on {001}, poor on {201} with 38.5° angle between the two
FractureSubconchoidal
TenacityBrittle
Mohs scale hardness6–6.5
LusterVitreous, pearly on cleavages
StreakColorless
DiaphaneityTransparent to translucent
Specific gravity2.4
Optical propertiesBiaxial (+)
Refractive indexnα = 1.504, nβ = 1.510, nγ = 1.516
Birefringenceδ = 0.012
2V angle82–84° measured
Melting point1350 °C[2]
Fusibility5
SolubilityInsoluble
References[3][4][5][6]

Petalite, also known as castorite, is a lithium aluminum tektosilicate mineral LiAlSi4O10, crystallizing in the monoclinic system. Petalite occurs as colorless, pink, grey, yellow, yellow grey, to white tabular crystals and columnar masses. It occurs in lithium-bearing pegmatites with spodumene, lepidolite, and tourmaline. Petalite is an important ore of lithium, and is converted to spodumene and quartz by heating to ~500 °C and under 3 kbar of pressure in the presence of a dense hydrous alkali borosilicate fluid with a minor carbonate component.[7] Petalite (and secondary spodumene formed from it) is lower in iron than primary spodumene, making it a more useful source of lithium in, e.g., the production of glass. The colorless varieties are often used as gemstones. [citation needed]

Discovery and occurrence

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Petalite from Paprok, Nuristan Province, Afghanistan (size: 7.3 × 2.9 × 2.4 cm)

Petalite was discovered in 1800, by Brazilian naturalist and statesman Jose Bonifacio de Andrada e Silva. Type locality: Utö Island, Haninge, Stockholm, Sweden. The name is derived from the Greek word petalon, which means leaf, alluding to its perfect cleavage.[5][8][9]

Economic deposits of petalite are found near Kalgoorlie, Western Australia; Aracuai, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Karibib, Namibia; Manitoba, Canada; and Bikita, Zimbabwe.

The first important economic application for petalite was as a raw material for the glass-ceramic cooking ware CorningWare.[citation needed] It has been used as a raw material for ceramic glazes.

References

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  1. ^ Warr, L.N. (2021). "IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols". Mineralogical Magazine. 85 (3): 291–320. Bibcode:2021MinM...85..291W. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43. S2CID 235729616.
  2. ^ "Petalite". Digital Fire. Retrieved 23 October 2011.
  3. ^ Anthony, John W.; Bideaux, Richard A.; Bladh, Kenneth W.; Nichols, Monte C. (2005). "Petalite" (PDF). Handbook of Mineralogy. Mineral Data Publishing. Retrieved 14 March 2022.
  4. ^ Webmineral
  5. ^ a b Petalite, Mindat.org
  6. ^ *Hurlbut, Cornelius S. and Klein, Cornelis, 1985, Manual of Mineralogy, Wiley, 20th ed., pp. 459–460 ISBN 0-471-80580-7
  7. ^ Deer, W. A. (2004). Framework silicates: silica minerals, feldspathoids and the zeolites (2. ed.). London: Geological Soc. p. 296. ISBN 978-1-86239-144-4.
  8. ^ D'Andraba (1800). "Des caractères et des propriétés de plusieurs nouveaux minérauxde Suède et de Norwège , avec quelques observations chimiques faites sur ces substances". Journal de Physique, de Chimie, d'Histoire Naturelle, et des Arts. 51: 239.
  9. ^ Sowerby, James (1811). Exotic mineralogy: Or, Coloured figures of foreign minerals: As a supplement to British mineralogy.
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