Aythya
Aythya | |
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Greater scaup (Aythya marila), the type species of Aythya | |
Scientific classification ![]() | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Chordata |
Class: | Aves |
Order: | Anseriformes |
Family: | Anatidae |
Tribe: | Aythyini |
Genus: | Aythya F. Boie, 1822 |
Type species | |
Anas marila[1] Linnaeus, 1761
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Species | |
12 species, see text |
Aythya is a genus of diving ducks, with twelve species currently accepted.[2] The name Aythya comes from the Ancient Greek word αυθυια (authuia), which may have referred to a sea-dwelling duck.[3]
Aythya shihuibas was described from the Late Miocene of China. Zelenkov (2016) transferred the species Anas denesi Kessler (2013), known from the late Miocene of Hungary, to the genus Aythya.[4] An undescribed prehistoric species is known only from Early Pleistocene fossil remains found at Dursunlu, Turkey;[5] it might however be referrable to a paleosubspecies of an extant species considering its age (see also Greater scaup). Subfossils have also been found on Réunion; this Réunion pochard awaits formal description, and may prove to have been a population of the Madagascar pochard.[6]
The Miocene[verification needed] "Aythya" arvernensis is now placed in Mionetta, while "Aythya" chauvirae seems to contain the remains of two species, at least one of which does not seem to be a diving duck.[7]
The genus Aythya was introduced in 1822 by the German zoologist Friedrich Boie. The type species is the greater scaup.[8][9]
Aythya species
[edit]The genus contains 12 species; all are monotypic except for A. marila, which has two subspecies, in the Old and New Worlds respectively.[2]
Male | Female | Scientific name | Common name | Distribution | Conservation status |
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A. valisineria | Canvasback | North America | least concern |
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A. ferina | Common pochard | Northern Europe into Asia | vulnerable |
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A. americana | Redhead | North America, from as far north as Northern Canada to the lower United States | least concern |
A. collaris | Ring-necked duck | Northern United States and Canada | least concern | ||
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A. australis | Hardhead | Australia, New Guinea, New Zealand, and the islands of the Pacific | least concern |
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A. baeri | Baer's pochard | Southeast Russia and northeast China, migrating in winter to southern China, Vietnam, Japan, and India | critically endangered |
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A. nyroca | Ferruginous duck | From Iberia and the Maghreb east to western Mongolia, south to Arabia | near threatened |
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A. innotata | Madagascar pochard | Madagascar | critically endangered |
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A. novaeseelandiae | New Zealand scaup | New Zealand | least concern |
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A. fuligula | Tufted duck | Throughout temperate and northern Eurasia; occasional visitor to the United States and Canada | least concern |
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A. marila | Greater scaup | Iceland, northern Europe, northern Asia except far east (A. m. marila); far northeast Asia, Alaska, northern Canada (A. m. nearctica) | least concern |
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A. affinis | Lesser scaup | Alaska through western Canada to western Montana, Central America | least concern |
Hybrids
[edit]![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/2014-04-23_Aythya_ferina_%C3%97_Aythya_fuligula_hybrid%2C_Northumberland_2.jpg/220px-2014-04-23_Aythya_ferina_%C3%97_Aythya_fuligula_hybrid%2C_Northumberland_2.jpg)
The species in the genus are all closely related, and are more prone to hybridisation than most other bird genera.[10][11] Hybrids regularly seen in Europe include tufted duck × common pochard, tufted duck × ring-necked duck, greater scaup × tufted duck, and common pochard × ferruginous duck;[10] while in North America, ring-necked duck × greater scaup, greater scaup × tufted duck, and canvasback × redhead are frequent.[12] These hybrids can often resemble, and be mistaken for, other species in the genus; for example tufted duck × common pochard hybrids are easily mistaken for lesser scaup.[10] Usually only male hybrids are evident; female hybrids are less obvious and even more difficult to identify.[10][12]
See also
[edit]Gallery
[edit]-
Canvasback (Aythya valisineria)
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Common pochard (Aythya ferina)
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Redhead (Aythya americana)
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Ring-necked duck (Aythya collaris)
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Female Hardhead (Aythya australis)
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Baer's pochard (Aythya baeri)
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Ferruginous duck (Aythya nyroca)
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Madagascar pochard (Aythya innotata)
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New Zealand scaup (Aythya novaeseelandiae)
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Tufted duck (Aythya fuligula)
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Greater scaup (Aythya marila)
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Lesser scaup (Aythya affinis)
References
[edit]![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/34px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png)
- ^ "Anatidae". aviansystematics.org. The Trust for Avian Systematics. Retrieved 5 August 2023.
- ^ a b Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (January 2024). "Screamers, ducks, geese & swans". IOC World Bird List Version 14.1. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 18 August 2024.
- ^ Jobling, James A. (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Christopher Helm. p. 64. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4.
- ^ Nikita V. Zelenkov (2016). "РЕВИЗИЯ НЕВОРОБЬИНЫХ ПТИЦ ПОЛГАРДИ (ВЕНГРИЯ, ВЕРХНИЙ МИОЦЕН). 1. Anseriformes". Paleontological Journal. 50 (5).
- ^ Louchart, Antoine; Mourer-Chauviré, Cécile; Guleç, Erksin; Howell, Francis Clark & White, Tim D. (1998): L'avifaune de Dursunlu, Turquie, Pléistocène inférieur: climat, environnement et biogéographie. C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris IIA 327(5): 341–346. [French with English abridged version] doi:10.1016/S1251-8050(98)80053-0 (HTML abstract)
- ^ Hume, Julian, ed. (1970). "A Synopsis of the Pre-human Avifauna of the Mascarene Islands" (PDF). Paleornithological Research 2013: 195–238. Retrieved 8 February 2023.
- ^ Worthy, Trevor; Tennyson, A.J.D.; Jones, C.; McNamara, J.A. & Douglas, B.J. (2007): Miocene waterfowl and other birds from central Otago, New Zealand. J. Syst. Palaeontol. 5(1): 1–39. doi:10.1017/S1477201906001957 (HTML abstract)
- ^ Boie, Friedrich (1822). Tagebuch gehalten auf einer Reise durch Norwegen im Jahre 1817 (in German). Schleswig. pp. 308, 351.
- ^ Mayr, Ernst; Cottrell, G. William, eds. (1979). Check-List of Birds of the World. Vol. 1 (2nd ed.). Cambridge, Massachusetts: Museum of Comparative Zoology. p. 482.
- ^ a b c d Svensson, L., Mullarney, K., & Zetterström, D. (2022) Collins Bird Guide, ed. 3. ISBN 978-0-00-854746-2, pages 34-35
- ^ Lehmhus, Jörn (2012). "Beitrag zur Identifikation von Entenhybriden der Gattung Aythya". AVES Braunschweig. 3: 33–40.
- ^ a b Sibley, David Allen (2014). The Sibley Guide to Birds. New York: Knopf. ISBN 978-0-307-95790-0.