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Mufasa

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Mufasa is a fictional character in Disney's The Lion King franchise. A wise, benevolent lion, the character first appears in The Lion King (1994) as King of the Pride Lands and devoted father to Simba, who he is grooming to one day inherit the throne. He is murdered by his younger brother, Scar, who kills him so he may usurp the throne. Mufasa's death forces Simba to flee the Pride Lands in exile, but Mufasa's ghost appears to an adult Simba to convince him to return home and confront his responsibilities as rightful heir, ultimately restoring the Pride Lands. Mufasa was voiced by actor James Earl Jones.

Jones voiced the character in the 2019 remake of The Lion King, the only main cast member from the original film to reprise their role. A prequel, entitled Mufasa: The Lion King, is scheduled to be released in 2024 and will explore Mufasa's background.

Role

In The Lion King (1994), King Mufasa reigns over the lush Pride Lands with his mate, Queen Sarabi. Their newborn son, Simba, is destined to succeed his father as king. However, Mufasa's scheming brother, Scar, covets the throne and plots to eliminate both Mufasa and Simba. Mufasa imparts wisdom to Simba, teaching him about the delicate balance of life in the Pride Lands.[1] He also cautions Simba to prepare for the time when we will take his father's place.[1] One fateful day, Scar triggers a wildebeest stampede that traps Simba in a gorge, knowing Mufasa would rush to save his son.[2] Mufasa heroically rescues his son but is tragically caught in the stampede himself. Mufasa struggles to climb up out of the gorge, where Scar waits above. As Mufasa pleads for help, Scar digs his claws into Mufasa's and pushes him to his death below.[2] Scar manipulates a young Simba into believing he caused Mufasa's demise, forcing him to flee in shame.[1] Lost and alone, Simba finds refuge in the jungle, where he is raised by Timon and Pumbaa, a meerkat and a warthog.[1] Despite his new carefree life, the guilt of his perceived actions lingers.[1] Years later, Simba is reunited with Rafiki, a wise baboon who reveals that Mufasa's spirit lives on inside of him.[1] Guided by his father's ghostly apparition, Simba returns to the Pride Lands, confronts and defeats Scar, and ultimately reclaims his rightful place as king.[1]

Development

Creation

The Lion King was the first film released during the Disney Renaissance[a] to focus on a father-son relationship, rather than a romantic one.[4] Producer Don Hahn described the film as "essentially a love story between a father and a son ... It’s about that moment in life when you realise that your father is going to pass on to you his wisdom and knowledge".[1] In early versions of the film, Mufasa is not related to Scar.[5] The producers decided that making the characters brothers would create a more interesting story.[5] However, the characters' physical appearances had already been finalized by this point, leaving little family resemblance between the two.[5] Although Mufasa and Scar refer to each other as brothers throughout the film as part of same pride,[6] Hahn suggested that it would have been unlikely for Mufasa and Scar to share to same parents because lion prides typically only have one adult male lion, with younger rogue lions often killing a pride's original leader and his offspring to assert dominance.[7][b]

Screenwriter Linda Woolverton described writing Mufasa's death as realizing they would have to kill off a character they had deliberately written to be "the greatest father that ever lived" so the moment would feel particularly impactful.[12][13] When director Rob Minkoff had first become involved with the film, it had already been decided that Mufasa would die via stampede, albeit in a less brutal manner; Minkoff lobbied that they should explore his death in more specific detail, which was unusual for an animated film at the time.[2] Several members of the creative team were initially divided on whether Mufasa's death was appropriate for children and the film's target audience.[2] They carefully wrote his death scene to straddle "'the sweet spot of emotion,' pushing just far enough without making the scene too overwhelming for its young audience".[12] Despite its short length, Mufasa's death required approximately 30 different filmmakers to complete, beginning with writers and story artists before transitioning to background artists and animators.[2] According to art director Andy Gaskill, the decision to slowly reveal Mufasa's lifeless body to as the dust clears from the scene heightens the sense of realism and allows audiences to realize what has happened, while Simba himself does.[2] Despite her efforts, Woolverton recalled that her daughter had a negative reaction to Mufasa's death at The Lion King's premiere.[14]

Mufasa's death prompted the filmmakers to come up with creative ways to lighten the mood of the film afterwards. Director Rob Minkoff suggested sending Simba into exile immediately afterwards, which allowed for the emotional weight of Mufasa's death to be alleviated by Timon and Pumbaa's humor.[15] Originally, Mufasa was not going to appear again in the film after his death, but the producers wanted Simba to have a "solid" reason to return to Pride Rock and decided his father's ghost would convince him.[16] Animator Chris Sanders was responsible for the scene in which Mufasa's spirit reminds Simba to return home.[17] From the dialogue, Sanders determined that the character would manifest as either "a lifelike ghost, a series of stars, or just a dark presence" in this scene.[17] He drew inspiration from a musical excerpt from the film The Mission (1986), which had also starred Jeremy Irons, voice of Scar, and used pastels "to fully encapsulate a vision of Mufasa emerging from the clouds".[17]

Voice

Actor James Earl Jones voiced Mufasa.

Actor Sean Connery was Disney's first choice to voice Mufasa.[18][19][20][21] Liam Neeson was also considered.[22] Mufasa was voiced by American actor James Earl Jones. Disney claims that, once the character was realized, it was difficult to envision anyone other than Jones voicing him.[23] Jones was drawn to the role because he was impressed by drawings of the character and opportunity to create characters using only his voice, claiming the process reminded him of his early experiences performing on radio.[23] An accomplished thespian, he was also attracted to the film's Shakespearean elements.[23] He described voice acting as "acting in its purest form", likening performing in ancient Greek theatre "where the actors would wear masks. In our case, the masks are the animators’ drawings and we just simply supply all the behaviors, emotions, and feelings behind that mask”.[24]

According to Jones, he originally made the mistake of trying to make the character sound regal before receiving instructions from the directors to voice him like himself, who he described as more akin to "a dopey dad".[25] Inspired by a different tone of voice, the animators then proceeded to incorporate his own facial expressions into Mufasa.[26] Directors Roger Allers and Rob Minkoff praised Jones's work on the film,[27] recalling that his warm up vocal exercises prior to recording were particularly remarkable "and sometimes sounded like a real lion with a rumbling growl".[28] Allers recalled that his voice would echo throughout the room, without aid from a microphone.[23] A song had originally been written for the character,[29] which was ultimately not used in the film once they realized Jones was unable to perform it.[5] Entitled "To Be King",[30] it was ultimately reworked into "I Just Can’t Wait To Be King", performed by Simba.[22] Jones and actress Madge Sinclair, who voiced Sarabi, had previously played a king and queen couple in Coming to America (1988).[31][32][33] The actor voiced the character again in The Lion King II: Simba’s Pride (1998) and The Lion Guard: Return of the Roar (2015).[24]

Jones was the only original cast member to reprise his role in the 2019 animated remake of The Lion King.[34][35][36] Out of respect and admiration for the actor, the remake's director, John Favreau, refused to give Jones direction regarding his performance, reassuring him that he simply was the character.[37] The reprisal was one of his final film credits before his death on September 9, 2024.[38] Actor Aaron Pierre will voice the character in 2024's Mufasa: The Lion King, a prequel to the 2019 film.[39] Pierre cited Jones as one of his greatest inspirations.[39]

Personality and design

Jones described Mufasa as an authoritative but gentle father.[25] Jones's staunch demeanor during recording sessions served as inspiration for supervising animator Tony Fucile.[17] Fucile said Jones provided both the regal quality and "fatherly warmth" the animators needed to create the character, explaining, "it was up to us to visually come up to that standard that he set with his voice".[23] The animators borrowed some design elements from Mufasa for adult Simba to make the latter look more heroic.[40] Animator Chris Wahl specifically requested to work on Mufasa because he admired Fucile and Jones's vocal performance. Despite the character's lack of footage due to his smaller role and having already assembled an animation team, the filmmakers allowed Wahl to help animate the character.[41] Maquettes of the character were created by animation sculptor Kent Melton.[42]

Reception

Critics and audiences had varied reactions to Mufasa's death.[2] Film critic Janet Maslin said Mufasa's death "raises questions about whether this film really warranted a G rating".[43]

Jones received critical acclaim for his performance as Mufasa.[44] Kaushal S. of Soap Central called it one of the most celebrated voice-acting performances of the past few decades.[45] Turner Classic Movies said the actor's "distinct baritone was put to excellent use".[46] According to Daniel Carter of Beliefnet, Jones's efforts resulted in "a beloved character that resonated with audiences worldwide".[47] Elizabeth Gregory of the Evening Standard said Jones's voice stood out amidst a cast of other great actors.[48] Lex Pryor of The Ringer said Jones outshone his co-stars in the remake, despite his limited screentime and dialogue.[49]

Several publications consider Mufasa to be one of Jones's greatest performances of his career.[35][50][51][52][48][53][54][55][56] Calling Mufasa "pop culture’s most imposing dads", Noel Murray of The New York Times said that "Few other performers of Jones’s era could have made characters so vivid while sitting in front of a microphone",[57] while P. Ragusa of Consequence said the actor elevated the film's material, with his line delivery remaining "as poignant all these years later as it is necessary for the plot".[51] Game Rant ranked The Lion King his best performance.[58] Mary Kate Carr of The A.V. Club said the actor "imbued the character with such dignity and distinction", to the point where he speaks the film's most iconic lines.[35] Wilson Chapman of IndieWire said "Few actors have ever been better suited for a voice role than Jones was for Mufasa", calling the actor equally effective during his quieter moments parenting Simba.[36] Pinkvilla's Suhasini Oswal wrote that his " performance defined the character's regal and compassionate nature, cementing his place in the hearts of generations".[55]

Legacy

Mufasa's death at the hands of scar is considered to be one of the most memorable and impactful on-screen deaths in film history. According to Jessica Wang of Entertainment Weekly, "Not a single viewer was emotionally unaffected by the death of Mufasa" in 1994.[52] Vanity Fair's Laura Bradley said that, "For a certain set of ’90s kids, Mufasa’s death scene in the original Lion King became the benchmark against which all future film tragedies would be measured", comparing it to the death of Bambi's mother in Bambi (1942).[12] Priscilla Frank of Vulture said the character's death "stands out as one of the most brutal scenes in cinema".[2]

In 2014, Camille Dautrich of the Springfield News-Leader described Mufasa as one "of the world's most beloved animated characters".[59] The Lion King was Jones's most famous animated performance,[58] and one of his best-known roles.[39] According to Emma Saunders of BBC Online, he was "loved by millions for voicing Mufasa".[60] Carlos Morales of IGN called Mufasa "his second most famous role", after Darth Vader from the Star Wars franchise.[61] Comparing the two roles, Kofi Outlaw of ComicBook.com said that Jones had transitioned "from being a nightmare bad dad in Star Wars, to being the dad every young cub (human or lion) wishes they had, in The Lion King (1994)".[50] Peter Debruge of Variety observed that which character Jones's voice reminds fans of varies depending on whether the listener was born before or after 1990.[62] According to Morales, Jones's work in voice acting also "but brought credibility to a type of acting that still struggles to be respected to this day".[61] In 2019, The Walt Disney Company inducted Jones as a Disney Legend in the "voice" category,[63] for his "remarkable contributions to the Disney legacy".[64] Many celebrities shared tributes to Jones following the actor's death on September 9, 2024, several of which referenced The Lion King.[65] Minkoff posted a photo of Jones holding a Mufasa statue with the caption "Rest in Power, Mr Jones. You made a young animator’s dream come true when you accepted the role of Mufasa".[66]

A prequel to the 2019 remake, Mufasa: The Lion King, is scheduled to be released in 2024, and will center on Mufasa's childhood, friendships, relationships, and major events that ultimately lead to him becoming king of the Pride Lands.[67]

Notes

  1. ^ The Disney Renaissance was a period from 1989 to 1999 when Walt Disney Feature Animation experienced a resurgence in critical and commercial acclaim, releasing some of the studio's most successful animated films. The Lion King was the fifth film released during this period.[3]
  2. ^ In a 2017 interview, producer Don Hahn generated widespread media coverage when he suggested that, contrary to popular belief, Mufasa and Scar are not blood-related brothers due to power and gender dynamics that usually limit lions to one adult male lion per pride.[8][9] Following fan outcry, the statement was soon retracted by director Rob Minkoff.[10][11]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h "The Lion King". BFI Southbank Programme Notes. August 13, 2023. Retrieved September 12, 2024.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h Frank, Priscilla (July 19, 2019). "It Took a Disney Kingdom to Kill Cartoon Mufasa". Vulture. Archived from the original on February 1, 2023. Retrieved September 13, 2024. The effect was chilling, for children and New York Times reviewers alike.
  3. ^ Determan, Sophie (February 18, 2021). "The many merry eras of Disney". British Film Institute. Archived from the original on August 31, 2024. Retrieved September 13, 2024.
  4. ^ "The Lion King Mufasa Production Maquette (Walt Disney, 1994)..." Heritage Auctions. December 10, 2022. Retrieved September 12, 2024.
  5. ^ a b c d Nilles, Billy (June 19, 2019). "The Lion King Turns 25: Everything You Need to Know About Disney's Original Trip to Pride Rock". E!. Retrieved September 11, 2024.
  6. ^ Hanley, Cecelia (August 17, 2017). "Lion King makers reveal Scar, Mufasa aren't brothers". WTXL ABC 27. Retrieved September 13, 2024.
  7. ^ Lang, Cady (August 29, 2017). "The Lion King Director Confirms That Mufasa and Scar Are Totally Brothers". Time. Retrieved September 12, 2024.
  8. ^ Rosa, Christopher (August 16, 2017). "Um, Mufasa and Scar Aren't Actually Brothers in 'The Lion King'". Glamour. Archived from the original on August 14, 2024. Retrieved September 12, 2024.
  9. ^ Curley, Julia (August 19, 2017). "'Lion King' producer reveals shocking truth about Scar, Mufasa". Today. Archived from the original on March 30, 2022. Retrieved September 12, 2024. Hahn off-handedly caused an existential crisis for "Lion King" lovers when he said, "Scar and Mufasa couldn't really be from the same gene pool."
  10. ^ Ibarrola, Khristian (August 31, 2017). "'Lion King' director retracts earlier statement, says Mufasa and Scar are brothers". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on August 31, 2017. Retrieved September 13, 2024. "We got into trouble," he described the backlash that ensued from his earlier revelation.
  11. ^ Brodsky, Sam (September 1, 2017). "Update: "Lion King" Director Confirms that Scar and Mufasa Are Brothers". Good Housekeeping. Archived from the original on March 26, 2023. Retrieved September 12, 2024.
  12. ^ a b c Bradley, Laura (July 19, 2019). "Inside Mufasa's Lion King Death Scene, a Tearjerker for the Ages". Vanity Fair. Archived from the original on June 23, 2024. Retrieved September 13, 2024.
  13. ^ Fallon, Kevin (July 12, 2017). "The 'Maleficent' Screenwriter Also Wrote 'The Lion King' and 'Beauty and the Beast'". The Daily Beast. Retrieved September 13, 2024.
  14. ^ Kornelis, Chris (October 16, 2019). "The 'Maleficent' Screenwriter on Making an 'Evil' Character a Fan Favorite". The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on August 18, 2021. Retrieved September 13, 2024.
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  32. ^ Aquino, Tara (Mar 7, 2021). "10 Facts About Coming to America". Mental Floss. Retrieved September 11, 2024.
  33. ^ Baker, Craig S (August 23, 2022). "25 Surprising Facts About 'The Lion King'". Mental Floss. Retrieved September 11, 2024.
  34. ^ Sacks, Ethan (September 9, 2024). "James Earl Jones, legendary actor known for unmistakable baritone voice, dies at 93". NBCNews.com. Retrieved September 11, 2024.
  35. ^ a b c Carr, Mary Kate (September 10, 2024). "8 of our favorite James Earl Jones performances". The A.V. Club. Retrieved September 11, 2024.
  36. ^ a b Chapman, Wilson (September 9, 2024). "James Earl Jones' 12 Greatest Roles, from 'Star Wars' to 'The Hunt for Red October' and 'The Great White Hope'". IndieWire. Retrieved September 11, 2024.
  37. ^ Kreps, Daniel (September 9, 2024). "James Earl Jones, Storied Actor Who Voiced Darth Vader and Mufasa in 'Lion King,' Dead at 93". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on September 9, 2024. Retrieved September 13, 2024.
  38. ^ Sepinwall, Alan (September 9, 2024). "James Earl Jones Was So Much More Than His Golden Voice". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on September 10, 2024. Retrieved September 12, 2024.
  39. ^ a b c Adams, Char (September 10, 2024). "'Master of our craft': James Earl Jones' influence went far beyond voiceovers". NBCNews.com. Retrieved September 12, 2024.
  40. ^ Giardina, Carolyn (March 11, 2022). "'Lion King' Animator Ruben Aquino Looks Back at the Inspirations Behind His Design of Simba". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved September 11, 2024.
  41. ^ Golembewski, Vanessa (June 23, 2015). "The Secret Rivalry Between Pocahontas & The Lion King". Refinery29. Retrieved September 11, 2024.
  42. ^ Stracener, Layne (November 12, 2018). "From Aladdin to Mufasa, local artist sculpts characters for big-name Hollywood studios". The Standard. Retrieved September 12, 2024.
  43. ^ Maslin, Janet (June 15, 1994). "Review/Film; The Hero Within The Child Within". The New York Times. Retrieved September 13, 2023.
  44. ^ Ayres, Tom (December 12, 2010). "Neeson 'ignored Lion King for Narnia'". Digital Spy. Retrieved September 11, 2024. "I tried not to think of James Earl Jones!" Neeson joked with MTV News, referring to the actor's acclaimed role as Mufasa in the 1994 animation The Lion King.
  45. ^ S., Kaushal (September 10, 2024). "From Mufasa to Darth Vader: 7 most iconic James Earl Jones roles". Soap Central. Retrieved September 13, 2024.
  46. ^ "James Earl Jones – Biography". Turner Classic Movies. Retrieved September 12, 2024.
  47. ^ Carter, Daniel (September 9, 2024). "A Voice That Resonated Through Generations: Remembering James Earl Jones". Beliefnet. Retrieved September 12, 2024.
  48. ^ a b Gregory, Elizabeth (September 11, 2019). "James Earl Jones: the American actor's best films, from The Lion King to Star Wars". Evening Standard. Retrieved September 12, 2024.
  49. ^ Pryor, Lex (September 11, 2024). "The Vast Universes of James Earl Jones's Voice". The Ringer. Retrieved September 13, 2024.
  50. ^ a b Outlaw, Kofi (September 9, 2024). "James Earl Jones: Remembering His Best Roles". ComicBook.com. Retrieved September 12, 2024.
  51. ^ a b Ragusa, P. (September 9, 2024). "James Earl Jones' 10 Best Movie Roles". Consequence. Retrieved September 13, 2024.
  52. ^ a b Wang, Jessica (September 9, 2024). "James Earl Jones' most memorable roles: Field of Dreams, The Lion King, Star Wars, more". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved September 12, 2024.
  53. ^ O'Brien, Tom; Holland, Misty; Beachum, Chris (September 9, 2024). "James Earl Jones movies: 10 greatest films ranked worst to best". GoldDerby. Retrieved September 11, 2024.
  54. ^ Salerno, Lauren (September 10, 2024). "'Legends never die': The James Earl Jones performances that shaped our lives". The Mary Sue. Retrieved September 11, 2024.
  55. ^ a b Oswal, Suhasini (September 10, 2024). "From Darth Vader to Mufasa: Remembering James Earl Jones' Top 10 Roles Amid His Death at 93". Pinkvilla. Retrieved September 13, 2024.
  56. ^ Weisholtz, Drew (September 10, 2024). "Remembering James Earl Jones' most memorable roles, from 'Star Wars' to 'The Lion King'". Today. Retrieved September 12, 2024.
  57. ^ Murray, Noel (September 9, 2024). "12 Great Films of James Earl Jones". The New York Times. Archived from the original on September 9, 2024. Retrieved September 12, 2024.
  58. ^ a b Heath, David (September 11, 2024). "8 Most Iconic Performances by James Earl Jones". Game Rant. Retrieved September 11, 2024.
  59. ^ Dautrich, Camille (March 26, 2014). "Ozarks sculptor shapes Hollywood animated characters". Springfield News-Leader. Retrieved September 12, 2024.
  60. ^ Saunders, Emma (September 9, 2024). "Tributes paid to acting 'giant' James Earl Jones". BBC Online. Retrieved September 13, 2024.
  61. ^ a b Morales, Carlos (September 10, 2024). "James Earl Jones' Voice Is the Only Reason the Most Iconic Villain in Movie History Exists". IGN. Retrieved September 11, 2024.
  62. ^ Debruge, Peter (September 10, 2024). "How 'Star Wars' and 'The Lion King' Made James Earl Jones the Voice of Generations". Variety. Retrieved September 13, 2024.
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  65. ^ Mier, Tomás (September 9, 2024). "Mark Hamill, Octavia Spencer, More Remember 'Legendary' James Earl Jones". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on September 9, 2024. Retrieved September 13, 2024.
  66. ^ "Legendary actor James Earl Jones, memorable voice behind Darth Vader and Mufasa, passes away". Cinema Express. September 10, 2024. Retrieved September 13, 2024.
  67. ^ Mundhada, Tejas (September 11, 2024). "'One Of My Greatest...': This Will Change The Way You See Aaron Pierre Taking Over the Mufasa Role from Late James Earl Jones". Pinkvilla. Retrieved September 13, 2024.
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