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1314

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Millennium: 2nd millennium
Centuries:
Decades:
Years:
The Scottish triumph over England at the Battle of Bannockburn
1314 in various calendars
Gregorian calendar1314
MCCCXIV
Ab urbe condita2067
Armenian calendar763
ԹՎ ՉԿԳ
Assyrian calendar6064
Balinese saka calendar1235–1236
Bengali calendar721
Berber calendar2264
English Regnal yearEdw. 2 – 8 Edw. 2
Buddhist calendar1858
Burmese calendar676
Byzantine calendar6822–6823
Chinese calendar癸丑年 (Water Ox)
4011 or 3804
    — to —
甲寅年 (Wood Tiger)
4012 or 3805
Coptic calendar1030–1031
Discordian calendar2480
Ethiopian calendar1306–1307
Hebrew calendar5074–5075
Hindu calendars
 - Vikram Samvat1370–1371
 - Shaka Samvat1235–1236
 - Kali Yuga4414–4415
Holocene calendar11314
Igbo calendar314–315
Iranian calendar692–693
Islamic calendar713–714
Japanese calendarShōwa 3
(正和3年)
Javanese calendar1225–1226
Julian calendar1314
MCCCXIV
Korean calendar3647
Minguo calendar598 before ROC
民前598年
Nanakshahi calendar−154
Thai solar calendar1856–1857
Tibetan calendar阴水牛年
(female Water-Ox)
1440 or 1059 or 287
    — to —
阳木虎年
(male Wood-Tiger)
1441 or 1060 or 288

1314 (MCCCXIV) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar, the 1314th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 314th year of the 2nd millennium, the 14th year of the 14th century, and the 5th year of the 1310s decade. As of the start of 1314, the Gregorian calendar was 8 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which was the dominant calendar of the time.

Statue of Robert I (the Bruce) (2014)
Battle of Bannockburn — first day

Events

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January – March

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April – June

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  • April 4Exeter College in England is founded by Bishop Walter de Stapledon, as a school to educate clergy.
  • April 19Philip of Aunay and his older brother Walter de Aunay, convicted of adultery with Margaret of Burgundy and Blanch of Burgundy, respectively, both of whom are two daughters-in-law of King Philip IV of France, are executed. The manner of their execution is particularly brutal, following torture at the Place du Grand Martroy in Pontoise.[7]
  • April 20 – Pope Clement V dies after an 9-year pontificate at Roquemaure. During his reign, Clement reorganizes and centralizes the administration of the Catholic Church.[8]
  • May 1 – The papal conclave to elect a successor to Pope Clement V begins at the Carpentras Cathedral with 23 Roman Catholic cardinals in attendance, of whom the votes of 16 are necessary to elect a new Pontiff. The cardinals are divided into three factions, none of which have more than eight people, with a group from Italy (led by Guillaume de Mandagot), who want to move the papacy back to Rome; nine from Gascony, most of whom are relatives of Pope Clement (led by Arnaud de Pellegrue); and five from Provence (led by Berengar Fredol). The Italian cardinals walk out three months later after being harassed and threaten to elect their own Pope. The conclave will not meet again for two years, during which time there is no Pope.
  • May 14 – In Italy, more than 50 of the Fraticelli spiritualists of the Franciscan order of Tuscany are excommunicated from the Roman Catholic Church by the Archbishop of Genoa after refusing to return to obedience to the Pope.[9]
  • June 17 – English forces led by King Edward II leave Berwick-upon-Tweed to march to Stirling Castle. They cross the River Tweed at Wark and Coldstream and march west across the flat Merse of Berwickshire towards Lauderdale. In Earlston, Edward uses a road through the Lammermuir Hills (an old Roman road) practical for the wheeled transport of a long supply train as well as the cavalry and infantry.[10]
  • June 19 – English forces march to the environs of Edinburgh, here Edward II waits for the wagon train of over 200 baggage and supply wagons – which straggle behind the long columns, to catch up. At the nearby port of Leith, English supply ships land stores for the army – who will be well rested before the 35-mile (56 km) march that will bring them to Stirling Castle, before the deadline of June 24.[11]
  • June 23 – English forces approach the Scottish positions at Torwood, mounted troops under Gilbert de Clare are confronted by Scottish forces and repulsed. During the fierce fighting, Henry de Bohun is killed in a duel by King Robert the Bruce. Edward II and forward elements, mainly cavalry, encamp at Bannockburn. The baggage train and the majority of the forces arrive in the evening.[12]
  • June 24Battle of Bannockburn: Scottish forces (some 8,000 men) led by Robert the Bruce defeat the English army at Bannockburn. During the battle, the Scottish pikemen formed in schiltrons (or phalanx) repulses the English cavalry (some 2,000 men). Edward II flees with his bodyguard (some 500 men), while panic spreads among the remaining forces, turning their defeat into a rout.[13][14]
  • June 25 – Edward II arrives at Dunbar Castle, and takes safely a ship to Bamburgh in Northumberland. His mounted escort takes the coastal route from Dunbar to Berwick.[15]

July – September

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October – December

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By place

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Europe

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Africa

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  • Amda Seyon I, known as "the Pillar of Zion" begins his reign as Emperor of Ethiopia, during which he expands into Muslim territory to the southeast. He enlarges his kingdom by incorporating a number of smaller states.[21]

By topic

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Religion

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Births

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Deaths

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References

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  1. ^ W.B. Fisher, The Cambridge History of Iran (Cambridge University Press, 1968) p.403
  2. ^ "Muhammad III", by Francisco Vidal Castro, in Diccionario Biográfico electrónico (Real Academia de la Historia (ed.)
  3. ^ Elizabeth A. R. Brown (2015). "Philip the Fair, Clement V, and the end of the Knights Templar: The execution of Jacques de Molay and Geoffroi de Charny in March". Viator. 47 (1): 229–292. doi:10.1484/J.VIATOR.5.109474.
  4. ^ Alison Weir, Isabella: She-Wolf of France, Queen of England (Pimlico, 2006) p.92,99
  5. ^ Jacqueline Broad and Karen Green, Virtue, Liberty, and Toleration: Political Ideas of European Women, 1400–1800 (Springer, 2007) p.8
  6. ^ Gillmeister, Heiner (1998). Tennis: A Cultural History, pp. 17–21. London: Leicester University Press. ISBN 978-0-7185-0147-1.
  7. ^ Didier Audinot, Histoires effrayantes (Editions Grancher, 2006)
  8. ^ Menache, Sophia (2002). Clement V, p. 2. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-52198-X.
  9. ^ William H. Brackney, Historical Dictionary of Radical Christianity (Scarecrow Press, 2012) p. 131
  10. ^ Armstrong, Pete (2002). Osprey: Bannockburn 1314 – Robert Bruce's great victory, pp. 38–39. ISBN 1-85532-609-4.
  11. ^ Armstrong, Pete (2002). Osprey: Bannockburn 1314 – Robert Bruce's great victory, p. 39. ISBN 1-85532-609-4.
  12. ^ Armstrong, Pete (2002). Osprey: Bannockburn 1314 – Robert Bruce's great victory, pp. 54–55. ISBN 1-85532-609-4.
  13. ^ Armstrong, Pete (2002). Osprey: Bannockburn 1314 – Robert Bruce's great victory, pp. 70–71. ISBN 1-85532-609-4.
  14. ^ Black, Andrew (24 June 2014). "What was the Battle of Bannockburn about?". BBC. Retrieved 21 March 2019.
  15. ^ Armstrong, Pete (2002). Osprey: Bannockburn 1314 – Robert Bruce's great victory, p. 79. ISBN 1-85532-609-4.
  16. ^ Armstrong, Pete (2002). Osprey: Bannockburn 1314 – Robert Bruce's great victory, p. 83. ISBN 1-85532-609-4.
  17. ^ Helle, Knut (1964). Norge blir en stat, 1130–1319 (Universitetsforlaget). ISBN 82-00-01323-5.
  18. ^ Barrow, Geoffrey W. S. (1988). Robert Bruce and the Community of the Realm of Scotland, p. 231. Edinburgh University Press.
  19. ^ Gerhard Heitz and Henning Rischer, Geschichte in Daten: Mecklenburg-Vorpommern ("History in Data: Mecklenburg-West Pomerania") (Koehler & Amelang, 1995) p.177
  20. ^ Gábor Ágoston (2021). The Last Muslim Conquest: The Ottoman Empire and Its Wars in Europe. Princeton University Press. p. 543. ISBN 9780691159324.
  21. ^ Brian L. Fargher (1996). The Origins of the New Churches Movement in Southern Ethiopia, 1927-1944. University of Aberdeen. p. 11. ISBN 9789004106611.
  22. ^ "Crimean Tatar Architecture". International Committee for Crimea. Retrieved 2011-02-20.
  23. ^ Mote, Frederick W. (1999). Imperial China, 900-1800, p. 550. Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-01212-7.