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Ōhikanui River

Coordinates: 41°50′41″S 171°42′46″E / 41.844857°S 171.712831°E / -41.844857; 171.712831
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Bush in the Ōhikanui valley
Location
CountryNew Zealand
Physical characteristics
Source 
 • locationMount Uriah, Paparoa Range
 • elevation1,525 metres (5,003 ft)
Mouth 
 • location
Buller River
 • elevation
20 metres (66 ft)
Length30 kilometres (19 mi)

The Ōhikanui River is a tributary of the Buller River in New Zealand's South Island. It flows north for 30 km (19 mi), joining the Buller 20 km (12 mi) from its outflow into the Tasman Sea.[1] It and its smaller neighbour the Ōhikaiti River are often called the Big Ohika River and Little Ohika River respectively. Another variation is Ohika-nui.[2] Ōhikanui River has been the official name since 21 June 2019.[3]

The New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage gives a translation of "place of large incantations" for Ōhikanui.[4]

A surveyor named the tributaries to the west of the Ōhikanui River using Greek letters, as Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta and Eta Creeks. He also named Dumpling Creek after he returned to camp on a cold wet day and was given a dumpling stew.[5]

The Ōhikanui River is a tributary consisting of a bouldery river bed and clear swift water.[6] It flows through the paparoa wilderness area which is unaltered (with no tracks or huts), though Buckland Peak Hut is just outside the catchment.[7] The area is popular with trampers because of its natural environment,[8] with Brown trout[9] fishers,[6] who use the river about 140 times a year,[10] and with deer stalkers.[citation needed]

Most of the valley runs over a Late Devonian pluton of leucocratic muscovite granite. The mountains at the southern end of the valley, made of early Paleozoic Pecksniff Metasedimentary Gneiss,[11] have been carved by glaciation to form cirques and sharp ridges. The valley has high glacial aggradation, and lower degradation, terraces.[12]

There were never any sawmills in the valley.[13] Forest covers the whole valley, with no grassy flats. Tall forest is replaced by stunted forest, merging to alpine scrub, at 800 m (2,600 ft) to 1,200 m (3,900 ft), depending on aspect, landform and cold air drainage. The valley has an average of over 2,540 mm (100 in) of rain, more than 200 wet days a year[12] and rainfall has been measured at over 5 cm (2.0 in) per hour.[14] In the 1970s red deer, goats and rats were scarce, possums in moderate numbers and stoats everywhere. The valley now has pest control as part of the Paparoa Range TB Management Area.[15]

The lower valley has cabbage tree, northern rata, rimu, kahikatea, kamahi, kanono, karamu, kareao, kiekie, kōwhai, māhoe, mataī, porokaiwhiri, toro, tutu, yellow silver pine, mountain toatoa and mountain beech. The middle valley has horopito, silver beech, tawhai raunui, mountain tōtara and rimu, with crown fern and bush rice grass (Microlaena avenacea) in the understorey. Silver and mountain beech dominate the upper slopes, with Archeria traversii and mountain neinei. Birds in the valley in the 1970s included blackbird, chaffinch, dunnock, greenfinch, goldfinch, kākāriki, karoro, kāhu, kākā, kakaruwai, kārearea, kawau, kawaupaka, kea, kererū, koekoeā, korimako, kōtare, kōtātā, ngirungiru, pihoihoi, pipipi, pīpīwharauroa, pīwakawaka, redpoll, riroriro, roroa, ruru, silvereye, skylark, song thrush, titipounamu, tūī, weka and whio.[12]

A truss bridge over the Ōhikanui was finished in September 1879, though the approaches, which required rock-cutting, took until March 1880.[16] Its spans were 3 x 60 ft (18 m) and 1 x 18 ft (5.5 m). It was built to cope with floods rising to 39 ft (12 m),[17] but floods in 1925, 1967, 1970 and 1971 covered the bridge.[18][19] The bridge was raised[20] and rebuilt as a 272 ft (83 m) timber truss on concrete piers in 1927,[21][22] though in later years it could only take light traffic and had to be supplemented by a bailey bridge.[23] SH6 now crosses the river near its mouth[24] on a concrete bridge built in 1992.[25]

In 1962 the National government agreed in principle to building a 13.6MW hydro-electric power station, with a 58 m (190 ft) head, after Labour had refused in 1960.[26][27] Since July 2001 the Buller Water Conservation Order has protected the river from development.[28]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Ohikanui River, West Coast". NZ Topo Map. Retrieved 27 January 2023.
  2. ^ "1:63360 map Sheet: S31 Buller". www.mapspast.org.nz. 1944. Retrieved 26 January 2023.
  3. ^ "Place name detail: Ōhikanui River". New Zealand Gazetteer. New Zealand Geographic Board. Retrieved 26 January 2023.
  4. ^ "1000 Māori place names". New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage. 6 August 2019.
  5. ^ "Place name detail: Ōhikaiti River". New Zealand Gazetteer. New Zealand Geographic Board. Retrieved 16 January 2023.
  6. ^ a b "Ohikanui River". nzfishing.com. Retrieved 26 January 2023.
  7. ^ "Buckland Peak Hut". www.doc.govt.nz. Retrieved 27 January 2023.
  8. ^ "Paparoa tiger country". Wilderness Magazine. 20 September 2014. Retrieved 26 January 2023.
  9. ^ D.J. Jellyman, E Graynoth (January 1994). "Headwater trout fisheries in New Zealand" (PDF). NIWA.
  10. ^ "Fish & Game National Anglers Survey 2015-16.pdf" (PDF).
  11. ^ "Geology of the Greymouth area : scale 1:250,000 Digital Download". GNS Online Shop. Retrieved 27 January 2023.
  12. ^ a b c P. R. Wilson, R. H. Taylor, B. W. Thomas (1988). "Effect of Topography on Seasonal Distribution of Forest Birds in the Ohikanui, Lower Buller and Inangahua Valleys, North Westland" (PDF).{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  13. ^ "Conservation Council has its say on Paparoas. Press". paperspast.natlib.govt.nz. 11 May 1979. Retrieved 2 April 2023.
  14. ^ "WCRC - Rainfall, Ohikanui Rv at Buckland Peaks". envirodata.wcrc.govt.nz. Retrieved 27 January 2023.
  15. ^ "Paparoa Range TB Management Area". www.ospri.co.nz. Retrieved 27 January 2023.
  16. ^ "Public Works Statement, By the Minister for Public Works, The Hon. Richard Oliver, Friday, 6th August, 1880". paperspast.natlib.govt.nz. Retrieved 26 January 2023.
  17. ^ "Enclosure 2 in Appendix E. ROADS in the Westland District.—Statement of Work Done and in Progress on each Road, under Public Works Acts, to and on 31st March, 1880". paperspast.natlib.govt.nz. Retrieved 26 January 2023.
  18. ^ John Benn. "West Coast River Flood History 1846 - 1989" (PDF). West Coast Regional Council.
  19. ^ "Buller Drops, But Westport Isolated. Press". paperspast.natlib.govt.nz. 1 September 1970. Retrieved 26 January 2023.
  20. ^ Coleman, R. T. (1 January 1920). "Auckland Weekly News NEW BRIDGE OVER THE OHIKANUI RIVER". DigitalNZ. Retrieved 26 January 2023.
  21. ^ "MAIN HIGHWAYS BOARD Dominion". paperspast.natlib.govt.nz. 25 October 1926. Retrieved 26 January 2023.
  22. ^ "Public Works Statement (By The Hon. K. S. Williams, Minister Of Public Works)". paperspast.natlib.govt.nz. 1927. Retrieved 26 January 2023.
  23. ^ "BuIler Gorge Road Open Again. Press". paperspast.natlib.govt.nz. 7 September 1970. Retrieved 27 January 2023.
  24. ^ "Sinclair Castle, West Coast". NZ Topo Map. Retrieved 26 January 2023.
  25. ^ "RR 502 Assessing pre-tensioned reinforcement corrosion within the New Zealand concrete bridge stock" (PDF). NZTA. March 2013.
  26. ^ "Electricity Generation Database" (PDF). October 2006.
  27. ^ Parliament, New Zealand. Parliamentary Debates 29 June 1962 Hansard Vol 330. p. 552.
  28. ^ Protecting New Zealand's Rivers (PDF). New Zealand Conservation Authority. November 2011. ISBN 978-0-478-14918-0. {{cite book}}: |website= ignored (help)

41°50′41″S 171°42′46″E / 41.844857°S 171.712831°E / -41.844857; 171.712831